Melting Ice with Road Salt: An Inquiry-based Project

 

Rachel Matundan

PS/IS 119 The Glendale School, Queens
 

Summer Research Program for Science Teachers

August 2012

 

 

 

   

Subject: General Science, Chemistry & the Scientific Method

Grade Level: 6-8

Unit: Chemical Interactions Unit

Time required: Multiple 43 minute class periods (pace depends on students)

 

Activity Overview: In this extended lesson, students are challenged to formulate a question, design and perform an experiment, and compose a final product based on an initial observation about salt on ice. This is intended to be an open-ended inquiry lesson using the 5E model as a guide. The left column includes various strategies and the check (Ö) indicates which strategy is used in that section of the 5E. Some inquiry questions and rubric was modified from the provided reference.

Reference: Wheeler, L. & Bell, R. Open-Ended Inquiry. The Science Teacher, 2012. 79(6): 32-39.

 

Objectives:

1.      Scientific Inquiry- The central purpose of scientific inquiry is to develop explanations of natural phenomena in a continuing, creative process. Engineering Design- Engineering design is an iterative process involving modeling and optimization. (NYC Intermediate Core Curriculum Grades 5-8; Standard 1 “Analysis, Inquiry & Design”)

2.      The rate of solution can be affected by the size of the particles, stirring, temperature, and the amount of solute already dissolved (3.1b). The phase in which matter exists depends on the attractive forces among its particles (3.1c). Examples of physical changes include freezing, melting, condensation, boiling, evaporation, tearing and crushing (3.2a). (Physical Settings: 3)

3.      Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks (Reading #3). Introduce a claim (Writing #1a) & support claim with logical reasoning and relevant, accurate data and evidence (Writing #1b). (Common Core State Standards in Science)

 

Key Vocabulary:

Phases of matter, atom, molecule, melting, independent variable, dependent variable, constants

 

Materials: See the materials and handouts within each day / lesson.

 

Procedures: See the procedure within each day / lesson.

 

(Day 1) Challenge: What occurs when salt and ice mix?

Do Now: Preassessment, prior knowledge & engaging the learners.

 

Draw how atoms appear at the different phases of matter.

 

 

Quiz, test

Surveys

KWL

Journals

Reflection

ÖBrainstorm

Concept formation

Thumb it

(Engage/Explain)

Watch 19 second video “Impact of Ice on Melting Ice Cube”

Lecturette

Presentation

Demonstration

ÖVideo

Field trip

Guest speaker

Text

(Explore) Tasks:

Grouping- heterogeneous based on strengths/ weaknesses in ELA and Math state scores.

 

Experimental Design Part 1: Based on the video clip respond to the following questions…

1.      What questions come to mind after watching this video?

2.      What materials are readily available for conducting this experiment? (Each group will have a tray of containers, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, graduated cylinder, spoons, timer, post it with the words “crushed ice” and “ice cubes”).

3.      How does the salt on ice act?

4.      How can I change the materials to affect the salt on ice?

5.      How can I measure and describe the response of salt on ice to the change in #3?

 

Complete Experimental Design Diagram:

Jigsaw

Learning centers

Projects

Compact/ enrichment

ÖConcept maps, graphic organizers

ÖProblem based inquiry

Research

Independent study

Model

Role play

Reciprocal teaching

Peer reading/ editing

(Extend) Homework: Based on today’s lesson, research on why the addition of salt might affect the melting of ice. Cite your sources.

 

 

(Evaluate): Assessment: Check “Experimental Design Diagram”.

Discuss your group’s responses to the questions and as a group, decide on one question they would like to answer by doing an experiment.

Exit slip

Quiz, test

Performance

Products

Presentation

Demonstration

Log, journal

Checklist

Portfolio

Rubric

ÖShare out

 

(Day 2) Challenge: What occurs when salt and ice mix?

Do Now: Preassessment, prior knowledge & engaging the learners.

 

Think-Pair-Share last night’s homework assignment. What molecules are involved in the experiment? How do you think the molecules are behaving and interacting?

 

 

Quiz, test

Surveys

KWL

Journals

ÖReflection

Brainstorm

Concept formation

Thumb it

(Engage/ Explain)

 

Lecturette

Presentation

Demonstration

Video

Field trip

Guest speaker

Text

(Explore) Tasks

 

Experimental Design Part 2: Write a procedure and data table to record data. Decide individual duties before, during and after the experiment. Once approved by teacher, begin experiment.

Jigsaw

Learning centers

Projects

Compact/ enrichment

Concept maps, graphic organizers

ÖProblem based inquiry

Research

Independent study

Model

ÖRole play

Reciprocal teaching

Peer reading/ editing

(Extend) Homework: What challenges did your group face during today’s lesson?

 

 

(Evaluate) Assessment

 

During class, meet with students who performed low on the ELA (regarding procedure) and Math (regarding data table) state exams.

 

Exit slip

Quiz, test

ÖPerformance

Products

Presentation

Demonstration

Log, journal

Checklist

Portfolio

Rubric

Share out

 

(Days 3-6) Challenge: What occurs when salt and ice mix?

Do Now: Preassessment, prior knowledge & engaging the learners.

 

Think-Pair-Share last night’s homework assignment. Students are asked to respond with possible solutions to troubleshooting issues.

 

 

Quiz, test

Surveys

KWL

Journals

ÖReflection

Brainstorm

Concept formation

Thumb it

(Engage/ Explain)

 

Lecturette

Presentation

Demonstration

Video

Field trip

Guest speaker

Text

(Explore) Tasks

 

Complete experiment and analyze data. Begin brainstorming on final product. Discuss individual duties for final product (see rubric below).

Jigsaw

Learning centers

Projects

Compact/ enrichment

Concept maps, graphic organizers

ÖProblem based inquiry

Research

Independent study

Model

ÖRole play

ÖReciprocal teaching

Peer reading/ editing

(Extend) Homework: Work on final product.

 

 

(Evaluate) Assessment- See rubric below.

 

Exit slip

Quiz, test

ÖPerformance

ÖProducts

ÖPresentation

Demonstration

Log, journal

Checklist

Portfolio

ÖRubric

Share out

 

 

Rubric for Students’ Final Product

Type of Product (check one)

___Poster

___PowerPoint

___Lab Report

___Other

*All products MUST include the following…

 

Full Credit

Partial Credit

No Credit

 

Experimental Details

Includes:

  1. independent variable
  2. dependent variable
  3. constants
  4. hypothesis

One or two of the details are missing.

Experimental details are not addressed in the report.

 

Data

The data are presented in a clear, concise, manner (data table, graph, or other visual representation) and properly labeled.

Labels are missing, the data is unclear or the best representation for the data is not used.

The results are missing from the report or not legible.

 

Results

A conclusion paragraph about the relationship of the data (claim) is written and based upon evidence from the experiment. The hypothesis is also addressed.

A conclusion is made, but no evidence is used to support the conclusion or the conclusion does not address the hypothesis.

The conclusion contradicts the data or is absent from the report.

 

Explanation (reasoning)

A viable process underlying the observed phenomenon is explained (written or graphical representations with labels are acceptable) and supported by evidence from the data and research sources.

The explanation is incomplete. It does not address the main relationship described in the results or does not use data to support the explanation.

The explanation contradicts the observations or is absent from the report.

 

Evaluation

The overall inquiry activity is evaluated through the following questions:

  1. How reliable are the data? (number of trials, human error)
  2. How might you change the experiment in the future?
  3. What further scientific questions arise from this activity? How might you go about finding answers to these questions?

One of the three questions is not addressed or answers to each question are incomplete.

One sentence or less is given for each question or the evaluation is absent from product.